Route -n #Do not use protocol or host name, use IP or port number #The H flag indicates that the destination is a fully qualified host address, rather than a network. #The G flag indicates that the route is to a gateway. #The U flag indicates that the route is up Traceroute -g cairo -g paris -i qe0 -q 1 -I sanfrancisco #The -i options sets the source address to the IP address configured on the interface qe0 #The -I option makes traceroute send ICMP ECHO probes to the host sanfrancisco #shows the path of a packet that goes from istanbul to sanfrancisco through the hosts cairo and paris # adjust the size of the packet that is sent to each hop by giving the integer after the hostname Tcpdraceroute # The maximum number of hops can be adjusted with the -m flag. Traceroute #find route to using tcptraceroute (which uses tcp to discover path) Mtr -r -s PACKETSIZE -c 5 >mtr-report #set the packet size used in bytes using the -s Mtr -tcp #use TCP SYN packets or UDP datagrams instead of the default ICMP ECHO requests Mtr -i 2 #The default interval between ICMP ECHO requests is one second

Mtr -rw -c 5 >mtr-report #wide report mode Mtr -r -c 5 >mtr-report #report mode using the -r flag Mtr -c5 #limit the number of pings to a specific value Mtr -n #display numeric IP addresses instead of host names Mtr -4b #combined IPv4 only and IP addresses

Wireshark command line cheat sheet